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https://spartacus-educational.com/CHphysical.htm
Moral Force Chartists accused O'Connor of destroying the credibility of the Chartist movement. The failure of the April 10th demonstration severely damaged the Chartist movement. In some areas Physical Force Chartism still remained strong.
http://www.victorianweb.org/history/chartism/8.html
In contrast, Physical Force Chartists used hostile language, encouraging violent behaviour, talking of arms, and making ultimatums against the government. Julian Harney once told an audience that they needed "a musket in one hand and a petition in the other."
https://www.chartistcollins.com/moral-and-physical-force.html
Chartists and Chartism fell into two main groups: Moral and Physical Force. Moral Force Chartists opposed the violent words and actions of Physical Force Chartists.
https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/chartism
May 15, 2014 · 'Physical force' Chartists, such as Feargus O’Connor, advocated the use of violence to demand the six points of the Charter be granted, should that not be achieved by peaceful means. The more radical Chartists took part in riots in Newcastle, Birmingham and elsewhere round the country, at which leading members of the movement were arrested.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z6c6cqt/revision/4
Moral Force Chartism led by William Lovett wanted to achieve reform through peaceful protest and presented petitions to Parliament. Physical Force Chartism led by Feargus O'Connor felt that only a...
https://spartacus-educational.com/CHmoral.htm
Members of the House of Commons who supported the Chartists such as Thomas Attwood, Thomas Wakely, Thomas Duncombe and Joseph Hume constantly emphasized the need to use moral rather than physical force. Lovett, the acknowledged leader of the movement, wrote of how Chartists should "inform the mind" rather than "captivate the senses".
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zhdhvcw/revision/2
In 1837, Feargus O'Connor – an Irish lawyer living in Leeds – started publishing the Northern Star, a newspaper that campaigned for better wages and living standards. O'Connor supported Physical...
https://www.britannica.com/event/Chartism-British-history
Chartism, British working-class movement for parliamentary reform named after the People’s Charter, a bill drafted by the London radical William Lovett in May 1838. It contained six demands: universal manhood suffrage , equal electoral districts, vote by ballot, annually elected Parliaments, payment of members of Parliament , and abolition of the property qualifications for membership.
https://www.thefreelibrary.com/%22Moral+force%22+and+%22physical+force%22+in+the+Poetry+of+Chartism%3A+John...-a0401379912
Mar 22, 2013 · Free Online Library: "Moral force" and "physical force" in the Poetry of Chartism: John Mitchell and David Wright of Aberdeen.(Essay) by "Philological Quarterly"; Literature, writing, book reviews Languages and linguistics Analysis Poets Works
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